[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":66},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-107-2-medical-surgical-033":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":4,"question":6,"related":35,"lastmod":65},"內外科護理學","medical-surgical",{"id":7,"webId":8,"year":9,"session":10,"subject":4,"number":11,"stem":12,"options":13,"answer":18,"answerNote":19,"images":20,"explanation":21,"explanationDeep":22,"topics":23,"freq":26},"nurse-107-2-內外科護理學-033","nurse-107-2-medical-surgical-033",107,2,33,"有關降低心衰竭病人心臟後負荷之措施，下列何者正確？",{"A":14,"B":15,"C":16,"D":17},"限制鈉的攝取","採高坐臥姿休息","監測每天輸出入量、體重及水腫情形","依醫囑提供嗎啡製劑","D",null,[],"本題考點是心衰竭『後負荷』的定義與降低措施。後負荷指心室射血時須對抗的動脈阻力,降低後負荷靠血管擴張,嗎啡具靜脈與小動脈擴張作用可減少後負荷與心肌耗氧,故選 D。(A)限鈉主要減少體液與『前負荷』,非後負荷;(B)高坐臥姿促進靜脈血下墜、減少回心血量,屬降『前負荷』;(C)監測輸出入量與體重是評估措施,非直接降後負荷。","前負荷等於心室舒張末容積(靜脈回流量);後負荷等於心室射血阻力(動脈壓與全身血管阻力)。降前負荷:限鈉限水、利尿劑、坐臥姿、硝酸鹽(靜脈擴張)。降後負荷:動脈擴張劑、ACE 抑制劑、hydralazine。嗎啡兼具靜脈與動脈擴張、並緩解焦慮與呼吸費力,常用於急性肺水腫。本題以嗎啡為血管擴張選項故選之,惟嗎啡臨床上以降前負荷為主、降後負荷屬次要,故標中度把握。",[24,27,30,33],{"term":25,"count":26},"心臟衰竭",7,{"term":28,"count":29},"血管擴張",4,{"term":31,"count":32},"後負荷",3,{"term":34,"count":10},"嗎啡",[36,40,46,50,55,60],{"webId":37,"stem":38,"number":39,"year":9,"session":10},"nurse-107-2-medical-surgical-034","有氣喘病史的高血壓病人應避免使用下列何類藥物，以預防病人支氣管痙攣導致氣喘發作？",34,{"webId":41,"stem":42,"number":43,"year":44,"session":45},"nurse-108-1-medical-surgical-050","有關細胞性免疫之敘述，下列何者正確？",50,108,1,{"webId":47,"stem":48,"number":49,"year":44,"session":10},"nurse-108-2-medical-surgical-064","蔡先生目前正處於少尿期，其生化檢驗可能產生的變化，不包括下列何者？",64,{"webId":51,"stem":52,"number":53,"year":54,"session":45},"nurse-110-1-medical-surgical-022","為了避免白內障手術病人植入之水晶體移位，返家後活動限制的護理指導，下列何者錯誤？",22,110,{"webId":56,"stem":57,"number":58,"year":59,"session":45},"nurse-111-1-medical-surgical-066","有關腎臟活體組織切片檢查之敘述，下列何者錯誤？",66,111,{"webId":61,"stem":62,"number":63,"year":64,"session":10},"nurse-112-2-medical-surgical-020","有關接受關節腔鏡檢查病人的陳述，下列何者顯示需要進一步的護理指導？",20,112,"2026-09-04",1788510725182]