[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":63},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-107-2-medical-surgical-009":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":4,"question":6,"related":33,"lastmod":62},"內外科護理學","medical-surgical",{"id":7,"webId":8,"year":9,"session":10,"subject":4,"number":11,"stem":12,"options":13,"answer":18,"answerNote":19,"images":20,"explanation":21,"explanationDeep":22,"topics":23,"freq":11},"nurse-107-2-內外科護理學-009","nurse-107-2-medical-surgical-009",107,2,9,"有關肝性腦病變之敘述，下列何者錯誤？",{"A":14,"B":15,"C":16,"D":17},"昏迷前期的症狀為嗜睡","應預防便祕","為血液中氨質升高引起之中樞神經障礙","使用利尿劑來促進氨的排除","D",null,[],"本題考點是肝性腦病變(hepatic encephalopathy)的病生理與處置,要選出錯誤者。此症因肝功能衰竭無法代謝含氮廢物,使血中氨質升高、透過血腦障壁引發中樞神經障礙。治療重點在降低腸道氨的生成與吸收(如給予 lactulose、限制蛋白、抗生素),而非用利尿劑,故 D「使用利尿劑促進氨的排除」錯誤——氨並非靠利尿劑排除,且利尿劑造成的低血鉀與鹼中毒反而會加重腦病變。A 正確:昏迷前期常見嗜睡、意識混亂等神經症狀。B 正確:應預防便祕以減少氨在腸道滯留與吸收。C 正確:其本質即血氨升高引起的中樞神經障礙。唯 D 的機轉錯誤,故為答案。","氨主要來自腸道細菌分解蛋白與尿素,正常經肝轉為尿素由腎排出;肝衰竭時氨堆積入腦,干擾神經傳導致意識障礙、撲翼樣震顫(asterixis)。治療三主軸:lactulose(酸化腸道、使氨轉銨鹽隨糞排出並促排便)、限制蛋白攝取、rifaximin\u002Fneomycin 抑制產氨菌。低血鉀與代謝性鹼中毒會促使氨進入腦,故排鉀利尿劑須謹慎——這正是 D 錯誤的深層原因。",[24,26,28,31],{"term":25,"count":11},"肝性腦病變",{"term":27,"count":10},"血氨升高",{"term":29,"count":30},"lactulose治療",1,{"term":32,"count":30},"低血鉀誘發",[34,38,43,47,52,57],{"webId":35,"stem":36,"number":37,"year":9,"session":10},"nurse-107-2-medical-surgical-010","與幽門螺旋桿菌（Helicobacter pylori）感染有關的胃部疾病，下列何者正確？①A 型慢性胃炎 ②B 型慢性胃炎 ③消化性潰瘍 ④急性胃炎 ⑤胃食道逆流",10,{"webId":39,"stem":40,"number":41,"year":42,"session":30},"nurse-108-1-medical-surgical-026","有關心臟衰竭臨床處置之敘述，下列何者錯誤？",26,108,{"webId":44,"stem":45,"number":46,"year":42,"session":10},"nurse-108-2-medical-surgical-040","有關病毒感染與罹患癌症相關性之敘述，下列何者錯誤？",40,{"webId":48,"stem":49,"number":50,"year":51,"session":10},"nurse-109-2-medical-surgical-078","下列何種情況之病人不適合接受低張靜脈溶液輸注？",78,109,{"webId":53,"stem":54,"number":55,"year":56,"session":30},"nurse-111-1-medical-surgical-042","有關乳癌症狀與疾病分期之敘述，下列何者正確？",42,111,{"webId":58,"stem":59,"number":60,"year":61,"session":30},"nurse-112-1-medical-surgical-076","有關施行心肺復甦術（CPR）成功徵象的敘述，下列何者正確？①四肢有動作反應 ②有自發性呼吸 ③刺激眼瞼會眨眼 ④瞳孔對光反射固定",76,112,"2026-09-04",1788510724972]