[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":64},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-107-2-maternal-pediatric-077":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":4,"question":6,"related":33,"lastmod":63},"產兒科護理學","maternal-pediatric",{"id":7,"webId":8,"year":9,"session":10,"subject":4,"number":11,"stem":12,"options":13,"answer":18,"answerNote":19,"images":20,"explanation":21,"explanationDeep":22,"topics":23,"freq":10},"nurse-107-2-產兒科護理學-077","nurse-107-2-maternal-pediatric-077",107,2,77,"王小弟，診斷為急性腎衰竭（acute renal failure），下列敘述何者正確？",{"A":14,"B":15,"C":16,"D":17},"腎臟排出過多氫離子與鉀離子，造成代謝性酸中毒","依醫囑給與口服 kayexalate，增加鉀離子的吸收","少尿期，體液容積過多，宜限制水分攝入","少尿期應攝入高鉀、高鈉飲食，矯正電解質不平衡","C",null,[],"本題考點在於急性腎衰竭少尿期的體液電解質處置。少尿期腎絲球過濾率下降、水分滯留造成體液容積過多,應限制水分攝取,選 C。A 錯,酸中毒的機轉是腎臟「無法排出」足夠氫離子與鉀離子而滯留,造成代謝性酸中毒與高血鉀,並非排出過多。B 錯,kayexalate 是離子交換樹脂,作用為在腸道結合並「增加鉀離子排出」以降血鉀,而非增加吸收。D 錯,少尿期血鉀已偏高,應採「限鉀、限鈉」飲食,高鉀恐引發致命心律不整。","急性腎衰竭病程分少尿期、利尿期、恢復期。少尿期最凶險的是高血鉀與體液過多:高血鉀可致心律不整,故限鉀、必要時給 kayexalate、葡萄糖加胰島素或鈣劑處置;水分滯留則需限水並監測體重、輸出入量。利尿期反而要防脫水與低血鉀。掌握「少尿期水鉀都要收、利尿期要防流失」即可貫通此類題。",[24,26,28,31],{"term":25,"count":10},"高血鉀",{"term":27,"count":10},"代謝性酸中毒",{"term":29,"count":30},"急性腎衰竭少尿期",1,{"term":32,"count":30},"kayexalate 降血鉀",[34,38,43,48,53,58],{"webId":35,"stem":36,"number":37,"year":9,"session":10},"nurse-107-2-maternal-pediatric-078","小美，14 歲，診斷為泌尿道感染（urinary tract infection），有關出院護理指導，下列何者錯誤？",78,{"webId":39,"stem":40,"number":41,"year":42,"session":10},"nurse-108-2-maternal-pediatric-014","照顧處於過渡期之待產婦，下列何者為最適當的護理措施？",14,108,{"webId":44,"stem":45,"number":46,"year":47,"session":30},"nurse-109-1-maternal-pediatric-028","下列何者為新生兒黃疸照光治療的原理？",28,109,{"webId":49,"stem":50,"number":51,"year":52,"session":30},"nurse-110-1-maternal-pediatric-066","有關胎兒出生後的心臟血管變化，下列敘述何者錯誤？",66,110,{"webId":54,"stem":55,"number":56,"year":57,"session":10},"nurse-111-2-maternal-pediatric-030","下列何項不是新生兒於睡眠活動週期中「安靜清醒期」（quiet alert state）的行為表徵？",30,111,{"webId":59,"stem":60,"number":61,"year":62,"session":10},"nurse-112-2-maternal-pediatric-064","曹小妹為足月產新生兒，有關其出生後會出現之循環變化，下列何者正確？",64,112,"2026-09-04",1788510726436]