[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":65},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-107-2-basic-medicine-038":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":6,"question":7,"related":34,"lastmod":64},"基礎醫學","basic-medicine","基礎醫學(包括解剖學、生理學、病理學、藥理學、微生物學與免疫學)",{"id":8,"webId":9,"year":10,"session":11,"subject":4,"number":12,"stem":13,"options":14,"answer":19,"answerNote":20,"images":21,"explanation":22,"explanationDeep":23,"topics":24,"freq":27},"nurse-107-2-基礎醫學-038","nurse-107-2-basic-medicine-038",107,2,38,"急性酒精中毒最主要影響人體的何部位？",{"A":15,"B":16,"C":17,"D":18},"中樞神經系統","肝臟","肺臟","食道","A",null,[],"本題考點是急性酒精中毒的主要標的器官。依藥理與毒理學,酒精是脂溶性小分子,能迅速通過血腦障壁作用於中樞神經系統,產生抑制效應——由去抑制、判斷力下降,到協調不良、意識障礙、呼吸抑制,故急性中毒最主要影響中樞神經,選 A。B 肝臟是酒精「代謝」的主要器官,但慢性長期傷害才明顯（脂肪肝、肝炎、肝硬化）,非急性中毒的主要標的。C 肺臟並非酒精急性作用的主要器官。D 食道受影響多與慢性飲酒（食道靜脈曲張、食道癌風險）相關,非急性中毒重點。","機轉:乙醇是中樞神經抑制劑,增強 GABA_A 受體抑制性訊號、抑制 NMDA 麩胺酸興奮性訊號,故隨血中濃度上升出現漸進性中樞抑制,重度可致呼吸中樞抑制而危及生命。時序對比:急性＝中樞神經抑制（本題重點）;慢性＝肝（脂肪肝→肝硬化）、腦（Wernicke-Korsakoff,與維生素 B1 缺乏有關）、消化道與心血管。代謝路徑:乙醇→（乙醇去氫酶）→乙醛→（乙醛去氫酶）→醋酸,乙醛堆積造成宿醉與臉紅反應。可連結:GABA、血腦障壁、戒斷症候群。",[25,28,30,32],{"term":26,"count":27},"急性酒精中毒",1,{"term":29,"count":27},"中樞神經抑制",{"term":31,"count":27},"GABA 與 NMDA 受體",{"term":33,"count":27},"肝臟為代謝器官",[35,39,44,48,53,58],{"webId":36,"stem":37,"number":38,"year":10,"session":11},"nurse-107-2-basic-medicine-039","吸入下列何者最有可能導致間皮瘤（mesothelioma）？",39,{"webId":40,"stem":41,"number":42,"year":43,"session":27},"nurse-108-1-basic-medicine-055","生物製劑之蛋白質藥物 Etanercept 可治療風濕性關節炎（Rheumatoid arthritis），此藥物之藥理作用為何？",55,108,{"webId":45,"stem":46,"number":47,"year":43,"session":11},"nurse-108-2-basic-medicine-069","對於臨床症狀尚不明顯的布魯氏桿菌症（brucellosis），通常是以下列何種檢測來鑑定？",69,{"webId":49,"stem":50,"number":51,"year":52,"session":27},"nurse-110-1-basic-medicine-027","體抑素（somatostatin）最主要抑制下列何種激素的分泌？",27,110,{"webId":54,"stem":55,"number":56,"year":57,"session":27},"nurse-111-1-basic-medicine-071","下列何者是影響自體免疫疾病易感性的主要遺傳因子？",71,111,{"webId":59,"stem":60,"number":61,"year":62,"session":63},"nurse-112-3-basic-medicine-035","非類固醇抗發炎藥物（NSAIDs）可以抑制下列何種酵素之活性，減少前列腺素生成，而產生解熱、鎮痛，以及抗發炎效果？",35,112,3,"2026-09-04",1788510723619]