[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":65},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-107-2-basic-medicine-035":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":6,"question":7,"related":34,"lastmod":64},"基礎醫學","basic-medicine","基礎醫學(包括解剖學、生理學、病理學、藥理學、微生物學與免疫學)",{"id":8,"webId":9,"year":10,"session":11,"subject":4,"number":12,"stem":13,"options":14,"answer":19,"answerNote":20,"images":21,"explanation":22,"explanationDeep":23,"topics":24,"freq":27},"nurse-107-2-基礎醫學-035","nurse-107-2-basic-medicine-035",107,2,35,"關於糖尿病之敘述，下列何者錯誤？",{"A":15,"B":16,"C":17,"D":18},"第一型糖尿病與自體免疫性破壞較有關","肥胖與第二型糖尿病的病因較有關","長期糖尿病有些病人出現結節狀腎小球硬化","第二型糖尿病常見嚴重的胰島 β 細胞耗竭","D",null,[],"本題考點是第一型與第二型糖尿病的病因與病理差異。依糖尿病分類,第二型主要問題是胰島素阻抗加上相對分泌不足,β 細胞在病程中「數量大致維持或僅輕度減少」,並非嚴重耗竭,故 D 敘述錯誤,為答案。A 正確,第一型與自體免疫破壞 β 細胞相關,常見胰島炎與自體抗體。B 正確,肥胖引起的胰島素阻抗是第二型的主要危險因子。C 正確,長期糖尿病腎病變典型出現結節狀腎小球硬化（Kimmelstiel-Wilson 病變）。嚴重 β 細胞耗竭、需依賴外源胰島素以免酮酸中毒者,才是第一型的特徵。","對比表:第一型＝自體免疫、胰島炎、β 細胞絕對缺乏、易酮酸中毒、多幼年發病;第二型＝胰島素阻抗＋分泌相對不足、與肥胖／代謝症候群相關、β 細胞島常見澱粉樣物（amylin）沉積但細胞數只輕度下降、易高血糖高滲透狀態。腎病變記憶:Kimmelstiel-Wilson 結節＝糖尿病腎絲球硬化的病理指標。陷阱在 D 把「β 細胞嚴重耗竭」誤扣到第二型;第二型後期雖分泌功能下降,但病理上非第一型那種免疫性大量破壞。可連結:HbA1c、微血管與大血管併發症。",[25,28,30,32],{"term":26,"count":27},"第二型糖尿病胰島素阻抗",1,{"term":29,"count":27},"第一型自體免疫破壞",{"term":31,"count":27},"β 細胞耗竭屬第一型",{"term":33,"count":27},"結節狀腎小球硬化",[35,39,44,48,53,58],{"webId":36,"stem":37,"number":38,"year":10,"session":11},"nurse-107-2-basic-medicine-036","慢性骨髓性白血病與下列那一個基因有關？",36,{"webId":40,"stem":41,"number":42,"year":43,"session":27},"nurse-108-1-basic-medicine-052","下列刺激胃腸蠕動的藥物中，何者的作用機轉為拮抗多巴胺 D 2 受體？",52,108,{"webId":45,"stem":46,"number":47,"year":43,"session":11},"nurse-108-2-basic-medicine-066","有關第一型過敏反應（Type I hypersensitivity），下列敘述何者錯誤？",66,{"webId":49,"stem":50,"number":51,"year":52,"session":27},"nurse-110-1-basic-medicine-024","關於視覺路徑，物體影像經水晶體投射至視網膜時，其影像與原物體方位相比較，下列敘述何者正確？",24,110,{"webId":54,"stem":55,"number":56,"year":57,"session":27},"nurse-111-1-basic-medicine-068","利用黏試紙（scotch tape test）黏取肛門周邊之蟲卵是用於下列那一種寄生蟲診斷？",68,111,{"webId":59,"stem":60,"number":61,"year":62,"session":63},"nurse-112-3-basic-medicine-032","治療慢性阻塞性肺病（chronic obstructive pulmonary disease）的藥物中，下列何者具有抗發炎的作用？",32,112,3,"2026-09-04",1788510723582]