[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":65},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-107-2-basic-medicine-032":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":6,"question":7,"related":34,"lastmod":64},"基礎醫學","basic-medicine","基礎醫學(包括解剖學、生理學、病理學、藥理學、微生物學與免疫學)",{"id":8,"webId":9,"year":10,"session":11,"subject":4,"number":12,"stem":13,"options":14,"answer":19,"answerNote":20,"images":21,"explanation":22,"explanationDeep":23,"topics":24,"freq":27},"nurse-107-2-基礎醫學-032","nurse-107-2-basic-medicine-032",107,2,32,"下列何種情況最可能導致代謝性鹼中毒（metabolic alkalosis）？",{"A":15,"B":16,"C":17,"D":18},"嚴重嘔吐（vomiting）","嚴重腹瀉（diarrhea）","長期便秘（constipation）","肥胖（obesity）","A",null,[],"本題考點是消化道液體流失與酸鹼失衡的對應。依胃液富含鹽酸（HCl）的特性,嚴重嘔吐大量喪失胃酸中的 H⁺ 與 Cl⁻,血中相對鹼化,產生低血氯性代謝性鹼中毒,故選 A。B 錯在腸液與胰液富含碳酸氫根（HCO₃⁻）,嚴重腹瀉喪失的是鹼,導致的是代謝性「酸」中毒而非鹼中毒。C 錯在長期便秘並不造成大量酸鹼離子的淨流失,不會顯著改變全身酸鹼平衡。D 錯在肥胖本身並非酸鹼失衡的直接原因;若合併換氣不足反而傾向呼吸性酸中毒,與代謝性鹼中毒無關。","機轉:胃液 pH 約 1–2,主成分 HCl。嘔吐失 H⁺→血漿 HCO₃⁻ 相對上升;同時失 Cl⁻ 與體液,腎為保鈉留水而增加 H⁺、K⁺排泄,形成典型「低血氯、低血鉀、代謝性鹼中毒」三合一,並可出現弔詭性酸尿（paradoxical aciduria）。對比記憶:上消化道失液（嘔吐、鼻胃管抽吸）→鹼中毒;下消化道失液（腹瀉、腸廔管）→酸中毒（失 HCO₃⁻,合併陰離子間隙正常的高血氯代謝性酸中毒）。可連結:陰離子間隙、代償性換氣不足。",[25,28,30,32],{"term":26,"count":27},"代謝性鹼中毒",1,{"term":29,"count":27},"胃液 HCl 流失",{"term":31,"count":27},"低血氯低血鉀",{"term":33,"count":27},"腹瀉致代謝性酸中毒對比",[35,39,44,48,53,58],{"webId":36,"stem":37,"number":38,"year":10,"session":11},"nurse-107-2-basic-medicine-033","下列何者不屬於典型慢性發炎的炎症浸潤細胞？",33,{"webId":40,"stem":41,"number":42,"year":43,"session":27},"nurse-108-1-basic-medicine-049","組織胺（histamine）會作用於氣管平滑肌 H 1 受體，而引起氣管痙攣；此時，給予腎上腺素（epinephrine）則可活化氣管平滑肌 β 2 受體而使之鬆弛。此例中腎上腺素對抗組織胺的氣管痙攣作用是屬於何種拮抗（antagonism）？",49,108,{"webId":45,"stem":46,"number":47,"year":43,"session":11},"nurse-108-2-basic-medicine-063","關於 corticosteroid 的臨床用途，下列何者錯誤？",63,{"webId":49,"stem":50,"number":51,"year":52,"session":27},"nurse-110-1-basic-medicine-021","下列何者在小腸液中的含量最低？",21,110,{"webId":54,"stem":55,"number":56,"year":57,"session":27},"nurse-111-1-basic-medicine-065","在淋巴結的濾泡（follicle）所聚集的細胞，會產生什麼特殊蛋白質？",65,111,{"webId":59,"stem":60,"number":61,"year":62,"session":63},"nurse-112-3-basic-medicine-029","下列何者是最常見的口腔癌？",29,112,3,"2026-09-04",1788510723570]