[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":65},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-107-2-basic-medicine-028":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":6,"question":7,"related":34,"lastmod":64},"基礎醫學","basic-medicine","基礎醫學(包括解剖學、生理學、病理學、藥理學、微生物學與免疫學)",{"id":8,"webId":9,"year":10,"session":11,"subject":4,"number":12,"stem":13,"options":14,"answer":19,"answerNote":20,"images":21,"explanation":22,"explanationDeep":23,"topics":24,"freq":27},"nurse-107-2-基礎醫學-028","nurse-107-2-basic-medicine-028",107,2,28,"若腎臟之水分過濾（filtration）體積為 X，水分分泌（secretion）體積為 Y，水分重吸收（reabsorption）體積為 Z，則水分排除體積為何？",{"A":15,"B":16,"C":17,"D":18},"X＋Y－Z","2X－Y＋Z","X\u002FY＋X\u002FZ","X\u002FY－X\u002FZ","A",null,[],"本題考點在腎臟物質排除量的質量平衡公式。腎臟對水分的處理包含腎絲球過濾進入腎小管、腎小管分泌再加入,以及腎小管重吸收回血液三個環節,依質量守恆,最終隨尿排出的量等於進入腎小管的總量(過濾 X 加分泌 Y)減去被重吸收回收的量 Z,故排除體積為 X＋Y－Z,選 A。B 係數與符號組合不符物理意義;C、D 為比值形式,無法表示體積的加減平衡,皆不合質量守恆邏輯。過濾與分泌為輸入、重吸收為輸出,是本題的計算骨架。","此即腎臟廓清概念的質量平衡:某物質排泄量 = 過濾量 + 分泌量 − 重吸收量。若物質只被過濾不被分泌或重吸收(如菊糖 inulin),排泄量=過濾量,可用來測腎絲球過濾率;若被大量分泌(如對胺基馬尿酸 PAH),排泄量遠大於過濾量,可估腎血漿流量。掌握輸入輸出的加減關係,即能推導各種廓清率題型。",[25,28,30,32],{"term":26,"count":27},"腎臟排泄",1,{"term":29,"count":27},"質量平衡",{"term":31,"count":27},"過濾分泌重吸收",{"term":33,"count":27},"廓清率",[35,39,44,48,53,58],{"webId":36,"stem":37,"number":38,"year":10,"session":11},"nurse-107-2-basic-medicine-029","若潮氣容積（tidal volume）為 450 毫升，解剖性死腔為 150 毫升，每分鐘的呼吸頻率為 12 次，則每分鐘的肺泡通氣量為多少毫升？",29,{"webId":40,"stem":41,"number":42,"year":43,"session":27},"nurse-108-1-basic-medicine-045","下列關於急性淋巴母細胞性白血病（Acute lymphoblastic leukemia\u002Flymphoma）的臨床與預後的敘述，何者錯誤？",45,108,{"webId":45,"stem":46,"number":47,"year":43,"session":11},"nurse-108-2-basic-medicine-059","靜脈注射 adenosine 可治療急性上心室（supraventricular）心律不整，主要作用機制為何？",59,{"webId":49,"stem":50,"number":51,"year":52,"session":27},"nurse-110-1-basic-medicine-017","何時次級卵母細胞（secondary oocyte）會完成第二次減數分裂？",17,110,{"webId":54,"stem":55,"number":56,"year":57,"session":27},"nurse-111-1-basic-medicine-061","下列何種藥物是屬於擬抗膽鹼素性拮抗劑（cholinergic antagonists），當氣喘病人無法忍受擬腎上腺素性作用劑（β 2 adrenergic agonists）的作用時，可作為替代品治療氣喘？",61,111,{"webId":59,"stem":60,"number":61,"year":62,"session":63},"nurse-112-3-basic-medicine-025","最常引起心肌炎（myocarditis）的原因為何？",25,112,3,"2026-09-04",1788510723527]