[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":66},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-107-2-basic-medicine-021":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":6,"question":7,"related":35,"lastmod":65},"基礎醫學","basic-medicine","基礎醫學(包括解剖學、生理學、病理學、藥理學、微生物學與免疫學)",{"id":8,"webId":9,"year":10,"session":11,"subject":4,"number":12,"stem":13,"options":14,"answer":19,"answerNote":20,"images":21,"explanation":22,"explanationDeep":23,"topics":24,"freq":27},"nurse-107-2-基礎醫學-021","nurse-107-2-basic-medicine-021",107,2,21,"下列何種症狀，主要肇因於黑質（substantia nigra）神經元退化？",{"A":15,"B":16,"C":17,"D":18},"意向性震顫（intention tremor）","黃疸（jaundice）","動作遲緩（bradykinesia）","幻覺（hallucination）","C",null,[],"本題考點在黑質退化的臨床表現。黑質緻密部的多巴胺神經元退化會減少對紋狀體的多巴胺輸入,導致基底核運動迴路失衡,產生帕金森氏症,典型症狀為動作遲緩、靜止性震顫與肌肉僵直,故主要肇因於黑質退化者為動作遲緩,選 C。A 意向性震顫是小腦病變的表現,越接近目標抖動越明顯,與黑質無關;B 黃疸源自膽紅素代謝異常,屬肝膽問題;D 幻覺主要與大腦皮質或多巴胺過度活躍相關,非黑質退化的核心運動症狀。多巴胺不足造成的運動遲緩是帕金森的核心。","帕金森三主徵口訣「抖、僵、慢」:靜止性震顫(搓丸樣)、肌肉僵直(齒輪樣)、動作遲緩,加上姿勢不穩。病理為黑質多巴胺神經元喪失,基底核直接路徑受抑、間接路徑過強,使運動啟動困難。治療以左多巴補充多巴胺。可對比:小腦病變是意向性震顫加辨距不良,黑質病變是靜止性震顫加動作遲緩,連結基底核運動迴路複習。",[25,28,30,32],{"term":26,"count":27},"帕金森氏症",6,{"term":29,"count":11},"黑質",{"term":31,"count":11},"多巴胺神經元",{"term":33,"count":34},"動作遲緩",1,[36,40,45,49,54,59],{"webId":37,"stem":38,"number":39,"year":10,"session":11},"nurse-107-2-basic-medicine-022","肉毒桿菌毒素造成肌肉麻痺的原因為何？",22,{"webId":41,"stem":42,"number":43,"year":44,"session":34},"nurse-108-1-basic-medicine-038","下列有關乳癌的敘述何者錯誤？",38,108,{"webId":46,"stem":47,"number":48,"year":44,"session":11},"nurse-108-2-basic-medicine-052","有關 H 1 組織胺受體拮抗藥物（anti-histamine）的治療用途，下列何者錯誤？",52,{"webId":50,"stem":51,"number":52,"year":53,"session":34},"nurse-110-1-basic-medicine-010","總膽管與胰管匯聚形成肝胰壺腹（hepatopancreatic ampulla），開口於下列何處？",10,110,{"webId":55,"stem":56,"number":57,"year":58,"session":34},"nurse-111-1-basic-medicine-054","藥物在肝臟代謝的第一期（phase I）反應，不包括下列何者？",54,111,{"webId":60,"stem":61,"number":62,"year":63,"session":64},"nurse-112-3-basic-medicine-018","當物質經腎臟排出至尿液的量大於其腎絲球過濾率（glomerular filtration rate）時，則表示該物質在腎臟中經過下列何種處理？",18,112,3,"2026-09-04",1788510723439]