[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":67},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-107-1-medical-surgical-054":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":4,"question":6,"related":36,"lastmod":66},"內外科護理學","medical-surgical",{"id":7,"webId":8,"year":9,"session":10,"subject":4,"number":11,"stem":12,"options":13,"answer":18,"answerNote":19,"images":20,"explanation":21,"explanationDeep":22,"topics":23,"freq":26},"nurse-107-1-內外科護理學-054","nurse-107-1-medical-surgical-054",107,1,54,"70 歲的劉老先生，一個月前不小心頭部撞到門框，近一星期家人發現劉老先生行為怪異，送醫檢查後診斷為慢性硬膜下出血，下列敘述何者錯誤？",{"A":14,"B":15,"C":16,"D":17},"主要是動脈血管破裂","會出現顱內壓升高及意識混亂的症狀","必要時可經由手術移除血腫","多發生在老年病人","A",null,[],"本題考點在慢性硬膜下出血的病因，屬選出錯誤敘述題。依解剖與機轉，硬膜下出血主要來自橋接靜脈（連接大腦皮質與靜脈竇之橋靜脈）撕裂的「靜脈性」出血，故 A 稱主要為動脈血管破裂，屬錯誤，為本題答案（動脈破裂多見於硬膜外出血）。B 正確，血腫逐漸增大會造成顱內壓升高與意識混亂等症狀。C 正確，必要時可經手術（如鑽孔引流）移除血腫。D 正確，慢性硬膜下出血好發於老年人，因腦萎縮使橋靜脈張力增加、輕微外傷即易撕裂。","顱內出血依部位鑑別：硬膜外出血多為腦膜中動脈撕裂（動脈性），典型有「清醒期」後急速惡化，CT 呈凸透鏡狀；硬膜下出血為橋靜脈撕裂（靜脈性），慢性型在老人與酗酒者常見，症狀隱匿、可於外傷後數週才出現行為改變、頭痛與偏癱，CT 呈新月狀。老年人腦萎縮使橋靜脈延長、緩衝空間大，故輕微碰撞即可能出血且症狀延遲。處置視血腫大小與症狀，鑽孔引流常有良好預後。",[24,27,30,32,34],{"term":25,"count":26},"顱內壓升高",11,{"term":28,"count":29},"慢性硬膜下出血",3,{"term":31,"count":10},"橋接靜脈撕裂(靜脈性)",{"term":33,"count":10},"與硬膜外出血動脈性區別",{"term":35,"count":10},"老年腦萎縮好發",[37,41,46,51,56,61],{"webId":38,"stem":39,"number":40,"year":9,"session":10},"nurse-107-1-medical-surgical-055","有關肺氣腫之敘述，下列何者錯誤？",55,{"webId":42,"stem":43,"number":44,"year":9,"session":45},"nurse-107-2-medical-surgical-071","救護車送入一位昏迷病人，心跳 120 次\u002F分，血壓 85\u002F50 mmHg，呼吸速率 35 次\u002F分，呼吸有一股很濃的腐壞水果味，血糖為 600 mg\u002FdL。下列何者為其最可能之診斷？",71,2,{"webId":47,"stem":48,"number":49,"year":50,"session":45},"nurse-108-2-medical-surgical-005","有關照護 HIV 感染者及共同生活者之護理指導，下列何者正確？",5,108,{"webId":52,"stem":53,"number":54,"year":55,"session":45},"nurse-109-2-medical-surgical-043","有關癌症治療對口腔黏膜之影響與處置，下列敘述何者正確？",43,109,{"webId":57,"stem":58,"number":59,"year":60,"session":10},"nurse-111-1-medical-surgical-007","有關腦波檢查的護理措施，下列何者錯誤？",7,111,{"webId":62,"stem":63,"number":64,"year":65,"session":10},"nurse-112-1-medical-surgical-041","有關良性腫瘤及惡性腫瘤之敘述，下列何者正確？",41,112,"2026-09-04",1788510702951]