[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":64},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-107-1-medical-surgical-048":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":4,"question":6,"related":35,"lastmod":63},"內外科護理學","medical-surgical",{"id":7,"webId":8,"year":9,"session":10,"subject":4,"number":11,"stem":12,"options":13,"answer":18,"answerNote":19,"images":20,"explanation":21,"explanationDeep":22,"topics":23,"freq":25},"nurse-107-1-內外科護理學-048","nurse-107-1-medical-surgical-048",107,1,48,"有關急性溶血性輸血反應之症狀，下列何者最不可能出現？",{"A":14,"B":15,"C":16,"D":17},"寒顫、發燒","下背痛","血管怒張","急性腎衰竭","C",null,[],"本題考點在急性溶血性輸血反應的臨床症狀。依其病生理，ABO 不相容的抗原抗體反應引發血管內溶血、補體活化與凝血系統啟動，典型表現為寒顫發燒、下背（腰）痛、血紅素尿，並因低血壓與腎小管阻塞導致急性腎衰竭，故 A、B、D 皆屬常見。C「血管怒張」指頸靜脈怒張、屬循環容積過載（如輸血相關循環過載）的表現，並非急性溶血反應機轉所致，最不可能出現，為本題答案。急性溶血反應反而傾向低血壓與休克而非靜脈怒張。","急性溶血反應多在輸血後數分鐘內發生，屬第二型過敏反應，核心是「血管內溶血→游離血紅素→急性腎損傷＋瀰漫性血管內凝血」。典型三聯徵：發燒、腰背痛、血紅素尿（尿呈茶紅色）。處置首要「立即停止輸血、保留剩餘血袋與病人血樣送驗、維持點滴與尿量」。與之區別的「頸靜脈怒張、呼吸困難、血壓上升」屬循環容積過載（TACO），機轉為輸注過快過多，兩者處置方向相反，是常考對照。",[24,26,29,31,33],{"term":17,"count":25},8,{"term":27,"count":28},"急性溶血性輸血反應",2,{"term":30,"count":10},"血管內溶血",{"term":32,"count":10},"下背痛與血紅素尿",{"term":34,"count":10},"與循環容積過載鑑別",[36,40,44,49,54,58],{"webId":37,"stem":38,"number":39,"year":9,"session":10},"nurse-107-1-medical-surgical-049","有關過敏性疾病的護理指導，下列何者錯誤？",49,{"webId":41,"stem":42,"number":43,"year":9,"session":28},"nurse-107-2-medical-surgical-065","有關接受前列腺切除術病人之護理措施與指導，下列何者錯誤？",65,{"webId":45,"stem":46,"number":47,"year":48,"session":10},"nurse-108-1-medical-surgical-079","有關登革熱之敘述，下列何者錯誤？",79,108,{"webId":50,"stem":51,"number":52,"year":53,"session":28},"nurse-109-2-medical-surgical-037","下列何者不是骨髓檢查之目的？",37,109,{"webId":55,"stem":56,"number":10,"year":57,"session":10},"nurse-111-1-medical-surgical-001","有關病人心智狀態評估內容的敘述，下列何者錯誤？",111,{"webId":59,"stem":60,"number":61,"year":62,"session":10},"nurse-112-1-medical-surgical-035","有關瀰漫性血管內凝血的敘述，下列何者正確？①與感染有關 ②常出現凝血症狀 ③檢查時纖維蛋白原下降 ④常出現出血症狀",35,112,"2026-09-04",1788510702895]