[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":67},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-107-1-maternal-pediatric-076":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":4,"question":6,"related":36,"lastmod":66},"產兒科護理學","maternal-pediatric",{"id":7,"webId":8,"year":9,"session":10,"subject":4,"number":11,"stem":12,"options":13,"answer":18,"answerNote":19,"images":20,"explanation":21,"explanationDeep":22,"topics":23,"freq":26},"nurse-107-1-產兒科護理學-076","nurse-107-1-maternal-pediatric-076",107,1,76,"有關膀胱輸尿管逆流（Vesicoureteral Reflux, VUR），下列敘述何者錯誤？",{"A":14,"B":15,"C":16,"D":17},"膀胱輸尿管逆流易導致腎病症候群","排尿性膀胱尿道攝影可用來評估膀胱輸尿管逆流等級","膀胱輸尿管逆流分為五等級，等級愈高，逆流程度愈嚴重","輕微膀胱輸尿管逆流可使用預防性抗生素治療","A",null,[],"本題考點在於膀胱輸尿管逆流（VUR）的併發症與診斷分級。依 VUR 病生理，尿液逆流會把下泌尿道細菌帶回腎臟，主要併發症是反覆腎盂腎炎與逆流性腎病變、腎瘢痕，而非腎病症候群（nephrotic syndrome）——後者是腎絲球通透性異常導致大量蛋白尿的疾病，機轉完全不同，故 A 為錯誤敘述，選 A。B 正確：排尿性膀胱尿道攝影（VCUG）是評估逆流等級的標準檢查。C 正確：VUR 分為五級，級數愈高逆流與擴張愈嚴重。D 正確：輕度逆流常以預防性抗生素保守治療、等待自然緩解。","VUR 的核心風險是「感染上行」而非「蛋白流失」，這是本題辨別 A 的關鍵。膀胱輸尿管交界處的活瓣機制失效，排尿時尿液逆流至輸尿管甚至腎盂（第三級以上會出現腎盂與輸尿管擴張、第五級合併嚴重扭曲），使泌尿道感染容易演變成腎盂腎炎，反覆發炎留下腎瘢痕、日後可能高血壓與腎功能受損。分級靠 VCUG 這種可看到排尿時逆流動態的攝影。治療採分級策略：低級別多會隨年齡自癒，先給預防性抗生素觀察；高級別或反覆感染才考慮手術重植輸尿管。把「VUR＝感染路徑問題、腎病症候群＝腎絲球濾過問題」分開記，即可破題。",[24,27,30,32,34],{"term":25,"count":26},"腎病症候群",5,{"term":28,"count":29},"膀胱輸尿管逆流",3,{"term":31,"count":10},"腎盂腎炎",{"term":33,"count":10},"排尿性膀胱尿道攝影",{"term":35,"count":10},"VUR 分級",[37,41,46,51,56,61],{"webId":38,"stem":39,"number":40,"year":9,"session":10},"nurse-107-1-maternal-pediatric-077","有關唇裂（cleft lip）與腭裂（cleft palate）之手術後護理，下列敘述何者正確？",77,{"webId":42,"stem":43,"number":44,"year":45,"session":10},"nurse-108-1-maternal-pediatric-013","蔡女士第一胎，因待產緊急狀況需進行剖腹產，醫師採用吸入性麻醉藥物進行全身麻醉，下列何者錯誤？",13,108,{"webId":47,"stem":48,"number":49,"year":45,"session":50},"nurse-108-2-maternal-pediatric-027","有關新生兒的暗示行為之敘述，下列何者錯誤？",27,2,{"webId":52,"stem":53,"number":54,"year":55,"session":50},"nurse-109-2-maternal-pediatric-065","有關胎血循環的敘述，下列何者錯誤？",65,109,{"webId":57,"stem":58,"number":59,"year":60,"session":10},"nurse-111-1-maternal-pediatric-029","有關新生兒護理之敘述，下列何者正確？①出生後給與抗生素眼藥膏預防淋病性結膜炎 ②以吸球清除分泌物時應先抽吸鼻腔 ③以 75%酒精消毒臍斷面 ④頭圍量法為額頭經雙耳中端到枕骨粗隆",29,111,{"webId":62,"stem":63,"number":64,"year":65,"session":10},"nurse-112-1-maternal-pediatric-063","下列那種疾病不是由 A 群 β 型溶血性鏈球菌所引起？",63,112,"2026-09-04",1788510703976]