[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":66},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-107-1-maternal-pediatric-025":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":4,"question":6,"related":36,"lastmod":65},"產兒科護理學","maternal-pediatric",{"id":7,"webId":8,"year":9,"session":10,"subject":4,"number":11,"stem":12,"options":13,"answer":18,"answerNote":19,"images":20,"explanation":21,"explanationDeep":22,"topics":23,"freq":26},"nurse-107-1-產兒科護理學-025","nurse-107-1-maternal-pediatric-025",107,1,25,"新生兒經產道出生，首次呼吸產生之機轉過程，下列敘述何者正確？",{"A":14,"B":15,"C":16,"D":17},"出生時斷臍造成血中二氧化碳分壓降低","呼吸道的液體受到產道擠壓而全部排出","當新生兒身體娩出後，胸部反彈形成胸部正壓","出生後，肺擴張促使呼吸道液體進入微血管","D",null,[],"本題考點在新生兒首次呼吸的建立機轉。依新生兒生理，出生後肺部擴張、肺泡表面張力改變，使殘留於呼吸道與肺泡的液體被吸收進入周邊微血管與淋巴，同時外界化學與物理刺激誘發呼吸，故 D 正確。A 錯在斷臍後失去胎盤氣體交換，血中二氧化碳分壓應『上升』（併氧分壓下降、pH 下降），此化學刺激才啟動呼吸中樞，選項稱『降低』方向相反。B 錯在產道擠壓僅排出部分肺液，非『全部排出』，其餘靠肺擴張後吸收入微血管。C 錯在胸廓通過產道受擠後娩出時是『反彈回彈』產生負壓（而非正壓）以助空氣被動吸入，正壓說法錯誤。","首次呼吸的觸發三要素：化學（斷臍後 PaCO₂↑、PaO₂↓、pH↓刺激延腦呼吸中樞）、物理（產道擠壓後胸廓回彈產生負壓吸入空氣、寒冷與觸覺刺激）、感覺（聲光溫度變化）。肺液清除三途徑：產道擠壓排出約 1\u002F3、出生後肺擴張使液體經肺泡壁吸收入肺微血管與淋巴。肺泡擴張需表面張力素（surfactant）降低表面張力以維持殘餘容積、避免肺泡塌陷——早產兒缺乏即致呼吸窘迫症候群（RDS）。記憶：D 抓『肺擴張→肺液進微血管』；A\u002FC 的方向詞（降低\u002F正壓）是常見反向陷阱。可連結概念：首次呼吸觸發、肺液清除、胸廓回彈負壓、表面張力素。",[24,27,30,32,34],{"term":25,"count":26},"表面張力素",5,{"term":28,"count":29},"新生兒首次呼吸",2,{"term":31,"count":10},"肺液清除",{"term":33,"count":10},"血中二氧化碳刺激",{"term":35,"count":10},"胸廓回彈負壓",[37,41,45,50,55,60],{"webId":38,"stem":39,"number":40,"year":9,"session":10},"nurse-107-1-maternal-pediatric-026","出生 3 天的足月新生兒，出生體重為 3,000 公克，採純母乳哺餵，下列何項營養評估的結果為異常﹖",26,{"webId":42,"stem":43,"number":44,"year":9,"session":29},"nurse-107-2-maternal-pediatric-042","有關瀕死兒童的呼吸與心臟血管生理反應，下列敘述何者錯誤？",42,{"webId":46,"stem":47,"number":48,"year":49,"session":10},"nurse-108-1-maternal-pediatric-056","王小妹，8 歲，國小 2 年級，依據皮亞傑（Piaget）認知發展理論，其處於「具體運思期」階段，有關此階段發展特性，下列何者正確？",56,108,{"webId":51,"stem":52,"number":53,"year":54,"session":29},"nurse-109-2-maternal-pediatric-014","承上題，廖女士的子宮收縮逐漸增強，陣痛越來越密且痛的持續時間較久，胎膜在此時破裂，護理師立即扶她上床，躺下後最優先執行的措施為：",14,109,{"webId":56,"stem":57,"number":58,"year":59,"session":29},"nurse-110-2-maternal-pediatric-058","新生兒經母子垂直感染後天免疫缺乏症候群（AIDS），有關護理措施之敘述，下列何者錯誤？",58,110,{"webId":61,"stem":62,"number":63,"year":64,"session":10},"nurse-112-1-maternal-pediatric-012","陰道分娩過程中，胎盤以暗紅色的粗糙面被牽引出陰道。有關此胎盤娩出的敘述，下列何者正確？ ①希氏法（Schultze mechanism）娩出 ②鄧氏法（Duncan mechanism）娩出 ③較容易發生剝離不完全 ④較少發生剝離不完全",12,112,"2026-09-04",1788510703489]