[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":63},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-107-1-basic-medicine-061":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":6,"question":7,"related":32,"lastmod":62},"基礎醫學","basic-medicine","基礎醫學(包括解剖學、生理學、病理學、藥理學、微生物學與免疫學)",{"id":8,"webId":9,"year":10,"session":11,"subject":4,"number":12,"stem":13,"options":14,"answer":19,"answerNote":20,"images":21,"explanation":22,"explanationDeep":23,"topics":24,"freq":11},"nurse-107-1-基礎醫學-061","nurse-107-1-basic-medicine-061",107,1,61,"下列止瀉劑中，何者可增加腸道分節性收縮，屬於類鴉片之藥物？",{"A":15,"B":16,"C":17,"D":18},"Bismuth","Loperamide","Pectin","Dicyclomine","B",null,[],"本題考點是類鴉片類止瀉劑。Loperamide 作用於腸道 μ-鴉片受體,增加腸道分節性收縮、減緩蠕動並延長內容物停留以增加水分再吸收,達止瀉效果,且不易通過血腦障壁故無中樞成癮,選 B。A Bismuth 為次水楊酸鉍,靠抗菌與收斂止瀉;C Pectin 屬吸附劑,吸附水分與毒素;D Dicyclomine 為抗膽鹼解痙劑,緩解腸道痙攣,均非類鴉片機轉。","腸道 μ 受體活化→抑制乙醯膽鹼釋放、減少推進性蠕動、增加分節收縮與肛門括約肌張力,使糞便通過變慢、吸水變多而止瀉。Loperamide 與 diphenoxylate 皆為類鴉片止瀉,但 loperamide 幾乎不入中樞、成癮性低。記憶:『鴉片讓腸子慢下來=便祕\u002F止瀉』,故臨床鴉片止痛的常見副作用正是便祕。感染性腹瀉伴發燒血便時不宜強力止瀉以免毒素滯留。",[25,26,28,30],{"term":16,"count":11},{"term":27,"count":11},"μ-鴉片受體",{"term":29,"count":11},"分節性收縮",{"term":31,"count":11},"止瀉劑分類",[33,37,42,47,52,57],{"webId":34,"stem":35,"number":36,"year":10,"session":11},"nurse-107-1-basic-medicine-062","有關 gonadotropins 的敘述，下列何者錯誤？",62,{"webId":38,"stem":39,"number":40,"year":10,"session":41},"nurse-107-2-basic-medicine-078","依波拉病毒（Ebola virus）是經由下列何者傳播？",78,2,{"webId":43,"stem":44,"number":45,"year":46,"session":41},"nurse-108-2-basic-medicine-012","下列那一段腎小管（renal tubule）的管壁細胞最為扁平？",12,108,{"webId":48,"stem":49,"number":50,"year":51,"session":41},"nurse-109-2-basic-medicine-050","下列抗心律不整的藥物，何者會延長動作電位的間期，且甲狀腺機能異常者需小心使用？",50,109,{"webId":53,"stem":54,"number":55,"year":56,"session":11},"nurse-111-1-basic-medicine-014","下列何者會發出滋養肺臟的支氣管動脈？",14,111,{"webId":58,"stem":59,"number":60,"year":61,"session":41},"nurse-112-2-basic-medicine-028","病毒會針對特定細胞或組織造成傷害，取決於病毒的組織趨向性（tropism），下列何因素對組織趨向性的影響最小？",28,112,"2026-09-04",1788510701463]