[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":64},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-107-1-basic-medicine-038":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":6,"question":7,"related":34,"lastmod":63},"基礎醫學","basic-medicine","基礎醫學(包括解剖學、生理學、病理學、藥理學、微生物學與免疫學)",{"id":8,"webId":9,"year":10,"session":11,"subject":4,"number":12,"stem":13,"options":14,"answer":19,"answerNote":20,"images":21,"explanation":22,"explanationDeep":23,"topics":24,"freq":27},"nurse-107-1-基礎醫學-038","nurse-107-1-basic-medicine-038",107,1,38,"當大腸出現燒杯狀潰瘍時，最可能是下列何種微生物感染的特徵？",{"A":15,"B":16,"C":17,"D":18},"念珠菌（Candida）","巨細胞病毒（Cytomegalovirus）","結核桿菌（Mycobacterium bacilli）","阿米巴原蟲（Entamoeba histolytica）","D",null,[],"本題考點是大腸特徵性「燒瓶狀潰瘍」對應的病原。依感染病理，阿米巴原蟲（Entamoeba histolytica）侵入大腸黏膜後，於黏膜下層橫向擴散，形成開口窄、底部寬的燒瓶狀（flask-shaped）潰瘍，為其病理標誌，故選 D。念珠菌（A）多致黏膜偽膜或食道感染；巨細胞病毒（B）造成免疫低下者的線狀潰瘍與核內包涵體；結核桿菌（C）多致環腸壁的環狀潰瘍與乾酪性肉芽腫，皆非燒瓶狀。判斷關鍵在於把「燒瓶狀潰瘍」直接連結阿米巴。","阿米巴痢疾病理：滋養體釋放蛋白酶溶解組織，穿過黏膜後受肌肉層阻擋而向兩側擴展，形成頸窄底寬的燒瓶狀潰瘍，好發於盲腸與升結腸，可經肝門靜脈播散造成阿米巴肝膿瘍（右上腹痛、發燒）。對照潰瘍形態：結核＝環狀、傷寒＝縱走、克隆氏＝匐行縱裂、阿米巴＝燒瓶狀。記法：「燒瓶阿米巴、環腸想結核」為腸道感染病理的辨識捷徑。",[25,28,30,32],{"term":26,"count":27},"燒瓶狀潰瘍",2,{"term":29,"count":11},"阿米巴原蟲(Entamoeba histolytica)",{"term":31,"count":11},"阿米巴痢疾",{"term":33,"count":11},"腸道潰瘍形態鑑別",[35,39,43,48,53,58],{"webId":36,"stem":37,"number":38,"year":10,"session":11},"nurse-107-1-basic-medicine-039","下列關於慢性氣喘（asthma）所引起的病理變化，何者錯誤？",39,{"webId":40,"stem":41,"number":42,"year":10,"session":27},"nurse-107-2-basic-medicine-055","血管緊縮素轉換抑制劑（ACE inhibitor），除可降血壓外亦可用於鬱血性心臟衰竭（CHF），下列敘述何者錯誤？",55,{"webId":44,"stem":45,"number":46,"year":47,"session":11},"nurse-108-1-basic-medicine-069","披衣菌（Chlamydia spp.）有兩種型態，其中何者具感染力？",69,108,{"webId":49,"stem":50,"number":51,"year":52,"session":27},"nurse-109-2-basic-medicine-027","男性心血管疾病發生率高於非更年期女性，主要是下列何種因素導致此現象？",27,109,{"webId":54,"stem":55,"number":56,"year":57,"session":27},"nurse-110-2-basic-medicine-071","後天性免疫缺乏症候群（acquired immune deficiency syndrome, AIDS）是因為感染人類免疫缺乏病毒（HIV），造成何種細胞減少？",71,110,{"webId":59,"stem":60,"number":61,"year":62,"session":27},"nurse-112-2-basic-medicine-005","腎動脈是下列何者的直接分支？",5,112,"2026-09-04",1788510701193]