[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":65},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-107-1-basic-medicine-030":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":6,"question":7,"related":35,"lastmod":64},"基礎醫學","basic-medicine","基礎醫學(包括解剖學、生理學、病理學、藥理學、微生物學與免疫學)",{"id":8,"webId":9,"year":10,"session":11,"subject":4,"number":12,"stem":13,"options":14,"answer":19,"answerNote":20,"images":21,"explanation":22,"explanationDeep":23,"topics":24,"freq":27},"nurse-107-1-基礎醫學-030","nurse-107-1-basic-medicine-030",107,1,30,"早產兒引起之呼吸困難是因那一種細胞發育不全所造成的？",{"A":15,"B":16,"C":17,"D":18},"第一型肺泡細胞（type I alveolar cell）","第二型肺泡細胞（type II alveolar cell）","肺泡巨噬細胞（alveolar macrophage）","肥大細胞（mast cell）","B",null,[],"本題考點是早產兒呼吸窘迫的細胞學病因。依呼吸生理，第二型肺泡細胞負責分泌表面張力素（surfactant），可降低肺泡表面張力、防止呼氣時肺泡塌陷；早產兒此細胞發育未成熟、表面張力素不足，導致新生兒呼吸窘迫症候群，故選 B。第一型肺泡細胞（A）負責氣體交換非分泌；肺泡巨噬細胞（C）司清除防禦；肥大細胞（D）與過敏發炎有關，皆非表面張力素來源。判斷關鍵在於認得表面張力素由第二型肺泡細胞分泌。","表面張力素主成分為二棕櫚醯卵磷脂（DPPC），約在妊娠 24 週開始、34–36 週後充足。依拉普拉斯定律 P＝2T\u002Fr，缺乏表面張力素使表面張力 T 升高、小肺泡更易塌陷，造成肺不張與呼吸窘迫。臨床連結：產前給予類固醇可促進胎肺成熟、L\u002FS 比（卵磷脂／鞘磷脂）≥2 代表肺成熟。記法：「二型肺泡吐泡泡（surfactant），撐開肺泡不塌陷」。",[25,28,31,33],{"term":26,"count":27},"第二型肺泡細胞",5,{"term":29,"count":30},"新生兒呼吸窘迫症候群",3,{"term":32,"count":30},"拉普拉斯定律",{"term":34,"count":11},"表面張力素(surfactant)",[36,40,45,50,55,60],{"webId":37,"stem":38,"number":39,"year":10,"session":11},"nurse-107-1-basic-medicine-031","氧合解離曲線發生移動時會引起所謂波爾效應（Bohr effect），這在正常成人生理作用上有何重要意義？",31,{"webId":41,"stem":42,"number":43,"year":10,"session":44},"nurse-107-2-basic-medicine-047","下列那種甲狀腺癌的腫瘤細胞的細胞核常呈清澈樣（clear）或有假包涵體（pseudo-inclusions）？",47,2,{"webId":46,"stem":47,"number":48,"year":49,"session":11},"nurse-108-1-basic-medicine-061","血管緊縮素轉換酶抑制劑（angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, ACEI）的降血壓作用機制，包括下列那一項？",61,108,{"webId":51,"stem":52,"number":53,"year":54,"session":44},"nurse-109-2-basic-medicine-019","下列那個腦區受損會造成表達性的失語症？",19,109,{"webId":56,"stem":57,"number":58,"year":59,"session":44},"nurse-110-2-basic-medicine-063","下列何種藥物可以治療免疫不全病人，因感染巨細胞病毒（CMV）導致視網膜炎，以及對 acyclovir 無效之單純疱疹病毒感染？",63,110,{"webId":61,"stem":62,"number":43,"year":63,"session":11},"nurse-112-1-basic-medicine-047","下列何種病毒感染與鼻咽癌的形成最有關？",112,"2026-09-04",1788510701105]