[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":63},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-107-1-basic-medicine-028":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":6,"question":7,"related":33,"lastmod":62},"基礎醫學","basic-medicine","基礎醫學(包括解剖學、生理學、病理學、藥理學、微生物學與免疫學)",{"id":8,"webId":9,"year":10,"session":11,"subject":4,"number":12,"stem":13,"options":14,"answer":19,"answerNote":20,"images":21,"explanation":22,"explanationDeep":23,"topics":24,"freq":11},"nurse-107-1-基礎醫學-028","nurse-107-1-basic-medicine-028",107,1,28,"下列構造何者可以進行腎臟之逆流交換（counter-current exchange）？",{"A":15,"B":16,"C":17,"D":18},"入球小動脈（afferent arteriole）","腎絲球（glomerulus）","出球小動脈（efferent arteriole）","直血管（vesa recta）","D",null,[],"本題考點是腎臟逆流交換（counter-current exchange）的解剖構造。依腎臟生理，直血管（vasa recta）為髓質內平行下降與上升的 U 形微血管，其血流方向相反可進行逆流交換，避免沖走髓質高滲透壓梯度，故選 D。入球小動脈（A）、出球小動脈（C）為腎絲球前後的阻力血管，主導過濾壓調節；腎絲球（B）負責過濾。判斷關鍵在於分辨「逆流交換」由直血管執行，而非過濾相關血管。","腎髓質靠兩套逆流系統維持濃度梯度：亨利氏環的逆流「倍增」（active，建立梯度）與直血管的逆流「交換」（passive，保存梯度）。直血管 U 形走向使下行血與上行血就近交換溶質與水，把散失降到最低，讓髓質維持高滲以供集尿管在 ADH 作用下濃縮尿液。記法：「亨利氏環建梯度、直血管守梯度」。此為尿液濃縮機轉的核心。",[25,27,29,31],{"term":26,"count":11},"直血管(vasa recta)",{"term":28,"count":11},"逆流交換",{"term":30,"count":11},"腎髓質滲透壓梯度",{"term":32,"count":11},"尿液濃縮機轉",[34,38,43,48,53,58],{"webId":35,"stem":36,"number":37,"year":10,"session":11},"nurse-107-1-basic-medicine-029","一位 65 公斤重的人，其細胞內液（intracellular fluid）有多少公斤？",29,{"webId":39,"stem":40,"number":41,"year":10,"session":42},"nurse-107-2-basic-medicine-045","有關 Wilms’腫瘤（Wilms’ Tumor）之敘述，下列何者錯誤？",45,2,{"webId":44,"stem":45,"number":46,"year":47,"session":11},"nurse-108-1-basic-medicine-059","下列 NSAIDs 藥物中，何者產生出血的機會最低？",59,108,{"webId":49,"stem":50,"number":51,"year":52,"session":42},"nurse-109-2-basic-medicine-017","一莫耳葡萄糖（即180克）溶解於1公升水中所產生的滲透壓濃度為多少Osmol\u002FL？",17,109,{"webId":54,"stem":55,"number":56,"year":57,"session":42},"nurse-110-2-basic-medicine-061","下列何種藥物可預防或減輕因使用 Aspirin 造成之消化性潰瘍？",61,110,{"webId":59,"stem":60,"number":41,"year":61,"session":11},"nurse-112-1-basic-medicine-045","法蘭西氏土倫桿菌（Francisella tularensis）主要感染何種人體細胞？",112,"2026-09-04",1788510701095]