[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":63},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-107-1-basic-medicine-023":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":6,"question":7,"related":34,"lastmod":62},"基礎醫學","basic-medicine","基礎醫學(包括解剖學、生理學、病理學、藥理學、微生物學與免疫學)",{"id":8,"webId":9,"year":10,"session":11,"subject":4,"number":12,"stem":13,"options":14,"answer":19,"answerNote":20,"images":21,"explanation":22,"explanationDeep":23,"topics":24,"freq":27},"nurse-107-1-基礎醫學-023","nurse-107-1-basic-medicine-023",107,1,23,"有關抗利尿激素（antidiuretic hormone, ADH）的敘述，下列何者正確？",{"A":15,"B":16,"C":17,"D":18},"可增加集尿管對水的通透度","由腦下垂體的後葉細胞所合成","過量使用時，造成血管鬆弛，血壓下降","作用在近曲小管，增加對物質的通透度","A",null,[],"本題考點是抗利尿激素（ADH／血管加壓素）的作用與來源。依內分泌生理，ADH 作用於腎臟集尿管，促使水通道蛋白（aquaporin-2）插入管腔膜、增加對水的通透度而保水，故選 A。B 錯在 ADH 由下視丘的視上核／室旁核神經元「合成」，只是儲存並釋放於腦下垂體後葉，非後葉細胞合成；C 錯在 ADH 高濃度時收縮血管使血壓上升，非鬆弛；D 錯在其作用部位為集尿管而非近曲小管。判斷關鍵在於分辨合成部位與作用部位。","ADH 由下視丘合成、經神經軸突運送至腦下垂體後葉儲存釋放（神經內分泌）。作用機轉：結合集尿管基底側 V₂ 受體→ cAMP →水通道蛋白 AQP-2 移位到管腔膜→水回吸收、尿濃縮。高劑量另經 V₁ 受體收縮血管升壓（故別名血管加壓素）。臨床對照：尿崩症（ADH 不足，大量稀尿）vs SIADH（分泌過多，水滯留低血鈉），是水電解質單元的核心考點。",[25,28,30,32],{"term":26,"count":27},"抗利尿激素(ADH)",2,{"term":29,"count":27},"集尿管",{"term":31,"count":11},"水通道蛋白(AQP-2)",{"term":33,"count":11},"下視丘合成後葉釋放",[35,39,43,48,53,58],{"webId":36,"stem":37,"number":38,"year":10,"session":11},"nurse-107-1-basic-medicine-024","偵測人類絨毛膜性腺激素是確定懷孕之重要指標。請問人類絨毛膜性腺激素何時開始分泌？",24,{"webId":40,"stem":41,"number":42,"year":10,"session":27},"nurse-107-2-basic-medicine-040","黴漿菌（Mycoplasma pneumonia）肺炎的病理特徵為何？",40,{"webId":44,"stem":45,"number":46,"year":47,"session":11},"nurse-108-1-basic-medicine-054","有關抗癌藥物之敘述，下列何者錯誤？",54,108,{"webId":49,"stem":50,"number":51,"year":52,"session":27},"nurse-109-2-basic-medicine-012","有關排尿，副交感神經興奮會造成下列何種現象？",12,109,{"webId":54,"stem":55,"number":56,"year":57,"session":27},"nurse-110-2-basic-medicine-056","成癮性物質中，下列何者之身體依賴性相對較高？",56,110,{"webId":59,"stem":60,"number":42,"year":61,"session":11},"nurse-112-1-basic-medicine-040","下列何種成癮性物質是透過血清素受體來產生幻覺？",112,"2026-09-04",1788510701048]