[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":62},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-106-2-psychiatric-community-041":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":4,"question":6,"related":32,"lastmod":61},"精神科與社區衛生護理學","psychiatric-community",{"id":7,"webId":8,"year":9,"session":10,"subject":4,"number":11,"stem":12,"options":13,"answer":18,"answerNote":19,"images":20,"explanation":21,"explanationDeep":22,"topics":23,"freq":10},"nurse-106-2-精神科與社區衛生護理學-041","nurse-106-2-psychiatric-community-041",106,2,41,"公民可透過下列何種團體力量對關鍵重要人物（stakeholders）進行遊說與監督的工作？",{"A":14,"B":15,"C":16,"D":17},"行政體系","立法機關","考試機關","利益團體","D",null,[],"本題考點為公民參與政策倡議的組織形式。依政治參與概念,公民欲對關鍵利害關係人(stakeholders)進行遊說(lobbying)與監督,最直接的集體力量來源是「利益團體(壓力團體)」,透過結社集結相同訴求、向決策者施壓與監督,故選 D。A「行政體系」是政策執行者、是被監督的對象而非公民集結的團體;B「立法機關」是民意代表機構,屬正式政府部門,是遊說標的而非公民自身的團體;C「考試機關」職司考選銓敘,與政策遊說監督無直接關聯。判斷關鍵在辨識「利益團體」作為公民由下而上集體發聲、遊說監督的載體。","利益團體(interest\u002Fpressure group)是公民社會由下而上影響公共政策的重要管道,手段含遊說、請願、倡議、媒體造勢、監督問政。與政府三權對照:行政(執行)、立法(制定與監督政府)、司法(裁判);利益團體則屬非政府的公民組織,填補正式體制外的參與空間。護理領域實例:護理師公會全國聯合會即以專業團體身分,對護病比、勞動條件等政策進行遊說倡議。關鍵鑑別:題幹主詞是「公民」透過「團體」施壓,故答案須是民間結社的利益團體,而非政府機關本身。",[24,26,28,30],{"term":25,"count":10},"政策倡議",{"term":17,"count":27},1,{"term":29,"count":27},"遊說與監督",{"term":31,"count":27},"公民參與",[33,37,42,46,51,56],{"webId":34,"stem":35,"number":36,"year":9,"session":10},"nurse-106-2-psychiatric-community-042","有關多重抗藥性結核病（MDR-TB）的描述，下列何者正確？①結核菌培養為陽性，且同時對於 isoniazid 與 rifampin 有抗藥性 ②結核菌培養為陰性，對任何 fluoroquinolone 藥物有抗藥性者 ③因為藥物副作用以致症狀無法明顯改善 ④進階都治計畫（DOTs Plus）能更全面監控多重抗藥性結核病人",42,{"webId":38,"stem":39,"number":40,"year":41,"session":27},"nurse-107-1-psychiatric-community-058","有關腸病毒之描述，下列何者正確？",58,107,{"webId":43,"stem":44,"number":45,"year":41,"session":10},"nurse-107-2-psychiatric-community-072","有關國內接受免費乳癌篩檢之資格及頻率的敘述，下列何者正確？",72,{"webId":47,"stem":48,"number":49,"year":50,"session":10},"nurse-109-2-psychiatric-community-030","人格違常的護理措施主要針對病人所出現之特殊行為或症狀處理，常見的問題行為下列何者正確？ ①自我傷害 ②操縱 ③衝動行為 ④自我照顧能力缺失",30,109,{"webId":52,"stem":53,"number":54,"year":55,"session":10},"nurse-110-2-psychiatric-community-074","有關居家護理之敘述，下列何者錯誤？",74,110,{"webId":57,"stem":58,"number":59,"year":60,"session":27},"nurse-112-1-psychiatric-community-028","有關物質使用障礙症的生理層面護理措施，下列何者較不適宜？",28,112,"2026-09-04",1788510700308]