[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":64},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-106-2-medical-surgical-050":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":4,"question":6,"related":35,"lastmod":63},"內外科護理學","medical-surgical",{"id":7,"webId":8,"year":9,"session":10,"subject":4,"number":11,"stem":12,"options":13,"answer":18,"answerNote":19,"images":20,"explanation":21,"explanationDeep":22,"topics":23,"freq":25},"nurse-106-2-內外科護理學-050","nurse-106-2-medical-surgical-050",106,2,50,"下列何者為確診病人有無肺結核感染最準確的方式？",{"A":14,"B":15,"C":16,"D":17},"支氣管鏡","痰液培養","胸部 X 光","結核菌素皮膚試驗","B",null,[],"本題考點為肺結核的確診黃金標準。肺結核由結核分枝桿菌引起,唯有從檢體培養出活菌才能確立診斷並做藥物敏感試驗,故 B 痰液培養(可分離出結核菌)是最準確的確診方式,選 B。A 支氣管鏡是取檢體的途徑之一,但仍須靠後續培養\u002F鏡檢確認,非確診本身;C 胸部 X 光只顯示浸潤或空洞等影像變化,無法確認菌種且無法區分陳舊病灶;D 結核菌素皮膚試驗(TST\u002FPPD)僅代表曾接觸或感染的免疫反應,無法區分潛伏與活動性感染,也有偽陽偽陰。故選 B。","確診 TB 的金標準是『培養出結核菌』——兼具確診與藥敏兩用途,只是耗時數週(桿菌生長慢)。快速輔助有痰抹片抗酸染色(AFB)與核酸擴增(NAAT\u002FGeneXpert)。TST 與 IGRA 只判『有無感染過』不判『是否發病』。X 光提供懷疑線索(上肺葉空洞)。口訣:『看片懷疑、驗痰確診、培養定生死(藥敏)』。",[24,26,29,31,33],{"term":15,"count":25},3,{"term":27,"count":28},"肺結核",1,{"term":30,"count":28},"結核分枝桿菌",{"term":32,"count":28},"結核菌素試驗(TST)",{"term":34,"count":28},"確診金標準",[36,40,45,49,54,58],{"webId":37,"stem":38,"number":39,"year":9,"session":10},"nurse-106-2-medical-surgical-051","肺炎病人合併低血氧時最早出現的精神狀態改變，下列何者正確？",51,{"webId":41,"stem":42,"number":43,"year":44,"session":28},"nurse-107-1-medical-surgical-067","有關副甲狀腺機能亢進病人之臨床表徵，下列何者正確？①便祕 ②低血鈣 ③骨質疏鬆 ④心律不整 ⑤高血磷",67,107,{"webId":46,"stem":47,"number":28,"year":48,"session":28},"nurse-108-1-medical-surgical-001","有關測量病人昏迷量表（Glasgow Coma Scale, GCS）之敘述，下列何者錯誤？",108,{"webId":50,"stem":51,"number":52,"year":53,"session":28},"nurse-109-1-medical-surgical-039","有關癌症病人發生口腔炎之護理指導，下列何者錯誤？",39,109,{"webId":55,"stem":56,"number":25,"year":57,"session":10},"nurse-110-2-medical-surgical-003","腦下垂體腫瘤（pituitary tumor）病人出現雙顳側視野及視力變差，下列何者為其腫瘤壓迫部位？",110,{"webId":59,"stem":60,"number":61,"year":62,"session":10},"nurse-111-2-medical-surgical-037","有關癌症病人口腔黏膜障礙照護的敘述，下列何者正確？ ①使用含類固醇的口內膏，可緩解疼痛和發炎 ②Nystatin 可預防白色念珠菌感染，漱口後要吐掉不可吞服 ③病人對苦味的敏感度減少，故可以吃苦瓜和芥菜，補充纖維素 ④使用口香糖可維持口腔濕潤",37,111,"2026-09-04",1788510698718]