[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":65},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-106-2-maternal-pediatric-062":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":4,"question":6,"related":34,"lastmod":64},"產兒科護理學","maternal-pediatric",{"id":7,"webId":8,"year":9,"session":10,"subject":4,"number":11,"stem":12,"options":13,"answer":18,"answerNote":19,"images":20,"explanation":21,"explanationDeep":22,"topics":23,"freq":26},"nurse-106-2-產兒科護理學-062","nurse-106-2-maternal-pediatric-062",106,2,62,"有關學童發生氣喘會出現病理生理上的變化，下列敘述何者錯誤？",{"A":14,"B":15,"C":16,"D":17},"血管通透性下降、細胞浸潤、呼吸道水腫","顆粒性白血球、淋巴球、單核球細胞增加","呼吸急促、新陳代謝增加、呼吸性酸中毒","咳嗽、吐氣時間延長、呼氣末期喘鳴聲","A",null,[],"本題考點在氣喘(asthma)發作的病理生理變化,採反向題(找錯誤敘述)。氣喘發作屬第一型過敏反應與慢性呼吸道發炎,特徵是血管通透性『增加』(非下降)導致呼吸道黏膜水腫、發炎細胞浸潤,故 A『血管通透性下降』錯誤,選 A。B 正確:過敏發炎會使嗜酸性\u002F顆粒性白血球、淋巴球、單核球等發炎細胞增加。C 正確:呼吸急促、代謝增加,嚴重時因換氣不足、CO₂ 滯留造成呼吸性酸中毒。D 正確:氣喘典型表現為咳嗽、吐氣時間延長(呼氣性阻塞)、呼氣末期喘鳴(wheezing)。關鍵在發炎使通透性上升而非下降。","氣喘三大病理:支氣管平滑肌痙攣、黏膜發炎水腫、黏液分泌增多,造成可逆性氣道阻塞。發炎介質(組織胺、白三烯)使微血管通透性上升→水腫。氣道阻塞在呼氣期更明顯(胸腔內壓使氣道更窄),故吐氣延長、呼氣性喘鳴。氣體交換障礙初期過度換氣致呼吸性鹼中毒,惡化後 CO₂ 滯留轉為呼吸性酸中毒(危險徵象)。記憶:『通透性上升才會腫;吐氣困難是氣喘特徵』。",[24,27,29,32],{"term":25,"count":26},"呼吸性酸中毒",6,{"term":28,"count":10},"氣喘病理生理",{"term":30,"count":31},"血管通透性增加與黏膜水腫",1,{"term":33,"count":31},"呼氣性阻塞\u002F喘鳴",[35,39,44,49,54,59],{"webId":36,"stem":37,"number":38,"year":9,"session":10},"nurse-106-2-maternal-pediatric-063","廖小妹，2 個月，罹患心室中膈缺損，因肺炎引發鬱血性心衰竭（congestive heart failure）而入院，下列那一項不屬於鬱血性心衰竭的臨床表徵？",63,{"webId":40,"stem":41,"number":42,"year":43,"session":31},"nurse-107-1-maternal-pediatric-079","王小弟，4 週大，因幽門狹窄（pyloric stenosis）接受幽門切開術（pyloromyotomy）。下列有關護理措施之敘述，何者錯誤？",79,107,{"webId":45,"stem":46,"number":47,"year":48,"session":31},"nurse-108-1-maternal-pediatric-013","蔡女士第一胎，因待產緊急狀況需進行剖腹產，醫師採用吸入性麻醉藥物進行全身麻醉，下列何者錯誤？",13,108,{"webId":50,"stem":51,"number":52,"year":53,"session":31},"nurse-109-1-maternal-pediatric-051","下列何者是幼兒泌尿道感染常見的致病菌？",51,109,{"webId":55,"stem":56,"number":57,"year":58,"session":10},"nurse-110-2-maternal-pediatric-015","下列何種胎位之生產時間通常較短？",15,110,{"webId":60,"stem":61,"number":62,"year":63,"session":10},"nurse-111-2-maternal-pediatric-049","有關兒童疼痛的處理，下列何者最不適當？",49,111,"2026-09-04",1788510699686]