[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":64},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-106-2-basic-medicine-058":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":6,"question":7,"related":33,"lastmod":63},"基礎醫學","basic-medicine","基礎醫學(包括解剖學、生理學、病理學、藥理學、微生物學與免疫學)",{"id":8,"webId":9,"year":10,"session":11,"subject":4,"number":12,"stem":13,"options":14,"answer":19,"answerNote":20,"images":21,"explanation":22,"explanationDeep":23,"topics":24,"freq":27},"nurse-106-2-基礎醫學-058","nurse-106-2-basic-medicine-058",106,2,58,"下列降血壓藥物中，何者具有血管擴張作用，且臨床上可用於良性前列腺肥大症（BPH）？",{"A":15,"B":16,"C":17,"D":18},"prazosin","nadolol","verapamil","diazoxide","A",null,[],"本題考點在兼具降血壓與治療良性攝護腺肥大(BPH)的藥物。依藥理分類,prazosin為選擇性α1腎上腺素受體阻斷劑:阻斷血管平滑肌α1受體→血管擴張、降血壓,同時鬆弛攝護腺與膀胱頸平滑肌→改善BPH排尿阻塞,故選A。B nadolol為非選擇性β阻斷劑,無鬆弛攝護腺作用;C verapamil為鈣離子通道阻斷劑,作用於心臟與血管、非BPH用藥;D diazoxide雖為小動脈血管擴張劑(用於高血壓急症、低血糖),亦無治療BPH的機轉。","記憶關鍵:字尾「-osin」的α1阻斷劑(prazosin、terazosin、doxazosin、tamsulosin)一藥兩用——降壓兼治BPH;其中tamsulosin對攝護腺α1A選擇性高,較少降壓副作用。副作用:首劑姿位性低血壓(first-dose phenomenon),宜睡前小量起始。對比:β阻斷劑降壓靠減少心輸出\u002F腎素;CCB靠阻斷心肌與血管鈣流;diazoxide開啟K通道使小動脈擴張。BPH的α1機轉在於攝護腺基質與膀胱頸富含α1受體,阻斷可降低動態阻塞。",[25,28,29,31],{"term":26,"count":27},"α1受體阻斷劑",1,{"term":15,"count":27},{"term":30,"count":27},"良性攝護腺肥大(BPH)",{"term":32,"count":27},"血管擴張與平滑肌鬆弛",[34,38,43,48,53,58],{"webId":35,"stem":36,"number":37,"year":10,"session":11},"nurse-106-2-basic-medicine-059","下列藥物何者是屬於治療氣喘之用藥？",59,{"webId":39,"stem":40,"number":41,"year":42,"session":27},"nurse-107-1-basic-medicine-075","威脅生命的擴散性念珠菌症（disseminated candidiasis）主要發生在何種病人？",75,107,{"webId":44,"stem":45,"number":46,"year":47,"session":27},"nurse-108-1-basic-medicine-009","胎兒心臟的卵圓孔，連通的是那兩個腔室？",9,108,{"webId":49,"stem":50,"number":51,"year":52,"session":27},"nurse-109-1-basic-medicine-047","重症肌無力（myasthenia gravis）的主要病變是發生在何處？",47,109,{"webId":54,"stem":55,"number":56,"year":57,"session":11},"nurse-110-2-basic-medicine-011","血球的生命週期，下列何者最長？",11,110,{"webId":59,"stem":60,"number":61,"year":62,"session":11},"nurse-111-2-basic-medicine-045","因為 IgG 和可溶性抗原形成免疫複合物（immune complex）造成的過敏反應，屬於那一型過敏反應？",45,111,"2026-09-04",1788510696683]