[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":66},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-106-2-basic-medicine-028":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":6,"question":7,"related":36,"lastmod":65},"基礎醫學","basic-medicine","基礎醫學(包括解剖學、生理學、病理學、藥理學、微生物學與免疫學)",{"id":8,"webId":9,"year":10,"session":11,"subject":4,"number":12,"stem":13,"options":14,"answer":19,"answerNote":20,"images":21,"explanation":22,"explanationDeep":23,"topics":24,"freq":27},"nurse-106-2-基礎醫學-028","nurse-106-2-basic-medicine-028",106,2,28,"下列何者會導致腎絲球過濾率（glomerular filtration rate）下降？",{"A":15,"B":16,"C":17,"D":18},"入球小動脈（afferent arteriole）擴張","出球小動脈（efferent arteriole）收縮","血中白蛋白（albumin）濃度增加","超過濾膜（ultrafiltration membrane）通透性增加","C",null,[],"本題考點是影響腎絲球過濾率(GFR)的血流動力學因素。依過濾淨壓的平衡,GFR 取決於絲球微血管靜水壓與血漿膠體滲透壓的拉鋸;血中白蛋白濃度增加會提高血漿膠體滲透壓,對抗過濾而使 GFR 下降,故選 C。A 入球小動脈擴張增加絲球血流與靜水壓,GFR 上升;B 出球小動脈收縮提高絲球內靜水壓,GFR 上升;D 過濾膜通透性增加使過濾係數上升,GFR 上升,三者皆使 GFR 升高。","GFR 淨過濾壓 = 絲球微血管靜水壓 −(囊內靜水壓 + 血漿膠體滲透壓)。入球擴張或出球收縮皆使絲球靜水壓上升→GFR 上升;血漿白蛋白上升則膠體滲透壓上升、對抗過濾→GFR 下降。記憶:「白蛋白像拉住水的手」,濃度越高越把水留在血管內。臨床連結:血液濃縮或大量輸注白蛋白使膠體滲透壓升高時可壓抑過濾。",[25,28,30,33],{"term":26,"count":27},"腎絲球過濾率",5,{"term":29,"count":27},"血漿膠體滲透壓",{"term":31,"count":32},"白蛋白",4,{"term":34,"count":35},"絲球靜水壓",1,[37,41,46,50,55,60],{"webId":38,"stem":39,"number":40,"year":10,"session":11},"nurse-106-2-basic-medicine-029","對於直接調控腎臟皮質集尿管（collecting duct）上皮細胞對水的通透性，下列何者能力最強？",29,{"webId":42,"stem":43,"number":44,"year":45,"session":35},"nurse-107-1-basic-medicine-045","下列何種睪丸腫瘤中，最可能造成人類絨毛膜性腺激素（human chorionic gonadotropin, hCG）之升高？",45,107,{"webId":47,"stem":48,"number":49,"year":45,"session":11},"nurse-107-2-basic-medicine-059","下列何種藥物可作為制酸劑（antacids），但容易造成腹瀉的副作用？",59,{"webId":51,"stem":52,"number":53,"year":54,"session":35},"nurse-109-1-basic-medicine-017","人類絨毛性腺促素（hCG）與下列何者之生理作用及化學組成相似？",17,109,{"webId":56,"stem":57,"number":58,"year":59,"session":35},"nurse-110-1-basic-medicine-061","關於 corticosteroid 的臨床用途，下列何者錯誤？",61,110,{"webId":61,"stem":62,"number":63,"year":64,"session":11},"nurse-111-2-basic-medicine-015","體制素（somatostatin）主要由消化道何處分泌？",15,111,"2026-09-04",1788510696381]