[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":65},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-106-2-basic-medicine-026":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":6,"question":7,"related":35,"lastmod":64},"基礎醫學","basic-medicine","基礎醫學(包括解剖學、生理學、病理學、藥理學、微生物學與免疫學)",{"id":8,"webId":9,"year":10,"session":11,"subject":4,"number":12,"stem":13,"options":14,"answer":19,"answerNote":20,"images":21,"explanation":22,"explanationDeep":23,"topics":24,"freq":27},"nurse-106-2-基礎醫學-026","nurse-106-2-basic-medicine-026",106,2,26,"迷走神經末梢分泌之乙醯膽鹼（acetylcholine）可以使心跳速率減慢，其原因為促使心臟節律性細胞（pacemaker cell）：",{"A":15,"B":16,"C":17,"D":18},"增加對鈉離子的通透性","增加對鉀離子的通透性","減少對鉀離子的通透性","減少對鈉離子的通透性","B",null,[],"本題考點是迷走神經對心臟節律細胞的電生理作用。依乙醯膽鹼(acetylcholine)與 M2 蕈毒鹼受體結合的機轉,會經 G 蛋白開啟鉀離子通道、增加鉀離子外流,使節律細胞膜過極化並減緩自發去極化速率,故心跳變慢,選 B。C 減少鉀通透性反使細胞去極化、心跳加快,方向相反;A、D 涉及鈉離子通透性增減,雖影響去極化,但 ACh 減慢心率的主要機轉為增加鉀外流,而非改變鈉通透,故非最佳答案。","節律細胞(竇房結)自發去極化靠 funny current(If,鈉內流)與鈣內流。迷走神經 ACh →M2 受體→Gi 蛋白:一是開啟 GIRK 鉀通道使鉀外流增加、二是抑制腺苷酸環化酶降低 cAMP 而減緩 If,兩者皆使去極化變慢、心率下降。交感則相反(正腎上腺素→β1→cAMP 上升→If 增強)。這是自律神經調控心率的常考機轉。",[25,28,30,33],{"term":26,"count":27},"乙醯膽鹼",8,{"term":29,"count":11},"鉀離子外流",{"term":31,"count":32},"M2 蕈毒鹼受體",1,{"term":34,"count":32},"節律細胞過極化",[36,40,45,49,54,59],{"webId":37,"stem":38,"number":39,"year":10,"session":11},"nurse-106-2-basic-medicine-027","在正常的心電圖中，QRS 複合波是因下列何者產生的？",27,{"webId":41,"stem":42,"number":43,"year":44,"session":32},"nurse-107-1-basic-medicine-043","一個剛出生的嬰兒，口中有大量口水流出且無法餵食，是因下列何者先天性異常？",43,107,{"webId":46,"stem":47,"number":48,"year":44,"session":11},"nurse-107-2-basic-medicine-057","下列抗血小板凝集藥物中，何者之作用機制為抑制磷酸雙酯酶（phosphodiesterase）？",57,{"webId":50,"stem":51,"number":52,"year":53,"session":32},"nurse-109-1-basic-medicine-015","下列何者為副交感神經節？",15,109,{"webId":55,"stem":56,"number":57,"year":58,"session":32},"nurse-110-1-basic-medicine-059","Nitroglycerin（NTG）經由舌下或經皮膚（貼劑）給藥的目的為何？",59,110,{"webId":60,"stem":61,"number":62,"year":63,"session":11},"nurse-111-2-basic-medicine-013","決定血流速率大小，下列何者最不重要？",13,111,"2026-09-04",1788510696351]