[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":64},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-106-1-psychiatric-community-044":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":4,"question":6,"related":34,"lastmod":63},"精神科與社區衛生護理學","psychiatric-community",{"id":7,"webId":8,"year":9,"session":10,"subject":4,"number":11,"stem":12,"options":13,"answer":18,"answerNote":19,"images":20,"explanation":21,"explanationDeep":22,"topics":23,"freq":26},"nurse-106-1-精神科與社區衛生護理學-044","nurse-106-1-psychiatric-community-044",106,1,44,"有關因果關係的判斷敘述，下列何者錯誤？",{"A":14,"B":15,"C":16,"D":17},"具正確的時序性（temporality of association）","具高的相對危險性（relative risk）","符合現存的生物知識（biological plausibility）","呈現劑量效應關係（dose-response effect）","B",null,[],"本題考點是因果關係判斷準則(Hill's criteria)。判斷暴露與疾病是否為因果,依 Hill 準則需具備正確時序性(因先於果)、生物合理性(符合現有生物醫學知識)、劑量效應關係(暴露越多風險越高)等,故 A、C、D 均為正確準則。B「具高的相對危險性」易誤導:關聯強度雖是準則之一,但因果並不必然要求「高」相對危險性——許多確立的因果關係(如被動吸菸與疾病)相對危險性並不高,故將『高 RR』當成因果判斷的必要條件並不正確,選 B。關鍵在於區分「關聯強度是參考指標」與「必須為高值才成立」的差異。","Hill 九大準則:關聯強度、一致性、特異性、時序性、劑量效應、生物合理性、可逆性(移除暴露風險下降)、同調性、實驗證據。其中『時序性』是唯一絕對必要條件(因必先於果),其餘皆為支持性、非充要。相對危險性衡量的是『關聯強度』而非因果本身,關聯強不等於有因果,也不代表弱關聯就無因果,此為本題陷阱。本題因涉及對準則必要性的細緻詮釋,略有爭議空間。",[24,27,30,32],{"term":25,"count":26},"相對危險性",3,{"term":28,"count":29},"劑量效應關係",2,{"term":31,"count":10},"Hill 因果判斷準則",{"term":33,"count":10},"時序性",[35,39,43,48,53,58],{"webId":36,"stem":37,"number":38,"year":9,"session":10},"nurse-106-1-psychiatric-community-045","社區衛生護理師對 1,000 位 65 歲以上居民進行血膽固醇篩檢，發現其中有 250 人的血膽固醇值超過正常，經過 1 年，再邀請這 1,000 位受檢者回診，發現有 300 人的血膽固醇值超過正常，下列敘述何項正確？",45,{"webId":40,"stem":41,"number":42,"year":9,"session":29},"nurse-106-2-psychiatric-community-061","骨質疏鬆症的危險因子，下列何者錯誤？",61,{"webId":44,"stem":45,"number":46,"year":47,"session":10},"nurse-107-1-psychiatric-community-075","有關學校衛生護理師進行健康促進活動前的準備工作，下列何者較不恰當？",75,107,{"webId":49,"stem":50,"number":51,"year":52,"session":10},"nurse-109-1-psychiatric-community-033","下列對於自閉症類群障礙症（Autism Spectrum Disorder）的敘述，何者錯誤？",33,109,{"webId":54,"stem":55,"number":56,"year":57,"session":10},"nurse-110-1-psychiatric-community-077","李先生是高血壓個案，喜愛從事的休閒活動包括：①洗三溫暖 ②打太極拳 ③舉重訓練 ④游泳，社區護理師應建議他避免那些活動？",77,110,{"webId":59,"stem":60,"number":61,"year":62,"session":29},"nurse-111-2-psychiatric-community-031","針對譫妄病人的護理措施，下列何者正確？",31,111,"2026-09-04",1788510695040]