[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":64},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-106-1-basic-medicine-036":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":6,"question":7,"related":34,"lastmod":63},"基礎醫學","basic-medicine","基礎醫學(包括解剖學、生理學、病理學、藥理學、微生物學與免疫學)",{"id":8,"webId":9,"year":10,"session":11,"subject":4,"number":12,"stem":13,"options":14,"answer":19,"answerNote":20,"images":21,"explanation":22,"explanationDeep":23,"topics":24,"freq":27},"nurse-106-1-基礎醫學-036","nurse-106-1-basic-medicine-036",106,1,36,"下列何種腫瘤之發生最符合基因雙重打擊理論（two hit hypothesis）？",{"A":15,"B":16,"C":17,"D":18},"大腸癌（colon cancer）","視網膜芽細胞瘤（retinoblastoma）","乳癌（breast cancer）","肝癌（hepatocellular carcinoma）","B",null,[],"本題考點為抑癌基因的雙重打擊理論(two hit hypothesis)。依 Knudson 假說,抑癌基因需兩個對偶基因皆失活腫瘤才發生;視網膜芽細胞瘤(retinoblastoma)因 RB1 基因,遺傳型帶一個先天突變、再獲第二次體細胞突變即致病,最符合此模型,故正解為 B。大腸癌屬多步驟基因累積(APC、KRAS、p53 等),非單一雙擊模式,A 錯。乳癌與肝癌成因多元、涉及多基因與環境因子,並非雙重打擊的典型代表,C、D 錯。","雙擊理論核心在「抑癌基因需兩套皆壞」,與致癌基因只需單套活化(顯性)恰成對比。retinoblastoma 遺傳型雙側、早發;偶發型單側、晚發,正是遺傳先天已中一擊的最佳證據。RB1 蛋白管控 G1→S 期查核點,失活則細胞失控增生。",[25,28,30,32],{"term":26,"count":27},"抑癌基因",2,{"term":29,"count":11},"雙重打擊理論",{"term":31,"count":11},"Knudson 假說",{"term":33,"count":11},"視網膜芽細胞瘤 RB1",[35,39,43,48,53,58],{"webId":36,"stem":37,"number":38,"year":10,"session":11},"nurse-106-1-basic-medicine-037","下列何者最可能導致脂肪肝？",37,{"webId":40,"stem":41,"number":42,"year":10,"session":27},"nurse-106-2-basic-medicine-053","Carbidopa 與 levodopa 併用於巴金森氏症患者之治療，主要是因為 carbidopa 抑制下列何種酶所致？",53,{"webId":44,"stem":45,"number":46,"year":47,"session":11},"nurse-107-1-basic-medicine-067","抗體辨識抗原的專一性由何者決定？",67,107,{"webId":49,"stem":50,"number":51,"year":52,"session":27},"nurse-108-2-basic-medicine-025","進入青春期，由下列何種激素刺激卵巢濾泡發育，使初級卵母細胞完成第一次減數分裂？",25,108,{"webId":54,"stem":55,"number":56,"year":57,"session":27},"nurse-109-2-basic-medicine-069","病人4個月前到非洲旅遊，回國後一星期因發燒39℃，疲倦就醫，為證明其是否感染惡性瘧疾（Plasmodium falciparum），應收集什麼檢體做鏡檢最適當？",69,109,{"webId":59,"stem":60,"number":61,"year":62,"session":11},"nurse-111-1-basic-medicine-023","下列由內皮細胞分泌的因子中，何者不會使血管舒張？",23,111,"2026-09-04",1788510691152]